{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Dataset",
  "name": "Global nickel supply and demand — 2020 to 2030",
  "description": "Kilotonne projection of Class-1 nickel production, green-transition demand (hydrogen, batteries, defence, semiconductors, marine) and deficit/surplus. Derived from International Nickel Study Group, IEA World Energy Outlook 2025 and Wood Mackenzie 2025 nickel outlook. All figures kilotonnes unless stated.",
  "creator": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "GTX · Green Transitional Metals" },
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "distribution": [
    { "@type": "DataDownload", "encodingFormat": "application/json", "contentUrl": "/data/nickel-supply-demand.json" },
    { "@type": "DataDownload", "encodingFormat": "text/csv",         "contentUrl": "/data/nickel-supply-demand.csv" }
  ],
  "variableMeasured": ["class1_supply_kt","battery_demand_kt","hydrogen_demand_kt","stainless_demand_kt","alloy_defence_kt","semiconductor_kt","other_kt","total_demand_kt","balance_kt"],
  "rows": [
    { "year": 2020, "class1_supply_kt": 1240, "battery_demand_kt": 138, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 4,   "stainless_demand_kt": 1480, "alloy_defence_kt": 180, "semiconductor_kt": 11, "other_kt": 95, "total_demand_kt": 1908, "balance_kt": -668 },
    { "year": 2021, "class1_supply_kt": 1310, "battery_demand_kt": 203, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 6,   "stainless_demand_kt": 1530, "alloy_defence_kt": 192, "semiconductor_kt": 13, "other_kt": 98, "total_demand_kt": 2042, "balance_kt": -732 },
    { "year": 2022, "class1_supply_kt": 1400, "battery_demand_kt": 305, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 9,   "stainless_demand_kt": 1585, "alloy_defence_kt": 210, "semiconductor_kt": 15, "other_kt": 102,"total_demand_kt": 2226, "balance_kt": -826 },
    { "year": 2023, "class1_supply_kt": 1510, "battery_demand_kt": 410, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 14,  "stainless_demand_kt": 1640, "alloy_defence_kt": 226, "semiconductor_kt": 18, "other_kt": 106,"total_demand_kt": 2414, "balance_kt": -904 },
    { "year": 2024, "class1_supply_kt": 1640, "battery_demand_kt": 520, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 23,  "stainless_demand_kt": 1705, "alloy_defence_kt": 244, "semiconductor_kt": 22, "other_kt": 110,"total_demand_kt": 2624, "balance_kt": -984 },
    { "year": 2025, "class1_supply_kt": 1780, "battery_demand_kt": 640, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 38,  "stainless_demand_kt": 1770, "alloy_defence_kt": 265, "semiconductor_kt": 27, "other_kt": 115,"total_demand_kt": 2855, "balance_kt": -1075 },
    { "year": 2026, "class1_supply_kt": 1920, "battery_demand_kt": 780, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 62,  "stainless_demand_kt": 1835, "alloy_defence_kt": 288, "semiconductor_kt": 33, "other_kt": 121,"total_demand_kt": 3119, "balance_kt": -1199 },
    { "year": 2027, "class1_supply_kt": 2060, "battery_demand_kt": 925, "hydrogen_demand_kt": 96,  "stainless_demand_kt": 1900, "alloy_defence_kt": 312, "semiconductor_kt": 41, "other_kt": 127,"total_demand_kt": 3401, "balance_kt": -1341 },
    { "year": 2028, "class1_supply_kt": 2200, "battery_demand_kt": 1085,"hydrogen_demand_kt": 142, "stainless_demand_kt": 1965, "alloy_defence_kt": 338, "semiconductor_kt": 51, "other_kt": 133,"total_demand_kt": 3714, "balance_kt": -1514 },
    { "year": 2029, "class1_supply_kt": 2340, "battery_demand_kt": 1260,"hydrogen_demand_kt": 205, "stainless_demand_kt": 2030, "alloy_defence_kt": 366, "semiconductor_kt": 63, "other_kt": 139,"total_demand_kt": 4063, "balance_kt": -1723 },
    { "year": 2030, "class1_supply_kt": 2490, "battery_demand_kt": 1460,"hydrogen_demand_kt": 294, "stainless_demand_kt": 2095, "alloy_defence_kt": 396, "semiconductor_kt": 78, "other_kt": 145,"total_demand_kt": 4468, "balance_kt": -1978 }
  ],
  "notes": [
    "Class-1 supply denotes material of ≥99.8% Ni suitable for battery precursor, alloying and precision applications; does not include ferronickel or NPI.",
    "Hydrogen demand column assumes Ni-mesh electrolyser share rising from 4% to 28% of cumulative installed capacity.",
    "Balance column = Class-1 supply − total demand. A negative figure indicates Class-1 shortfall absorbed by recycled units, substitution and scrap.",
    "Figures are GTX projections synthesised from INSG monthly bulletins, IEA WEO 2025 Sustainable Development Scenario and publicly-available Wood Mackenzie 2025 nickel briefing."
  ],
  "updated": "2026-04-20"
}